Concrete septic tanks have played a vital role in managing household wastewater since the 1880s. They keep your home environment healthy and functional. However, like all essential systems, they can face significant challenges and potential breakdowns. Knowing what can lead to their failure is key to properly planning for repairs and replacements. Let’s dive into the details.
The Basics of Concrete Septic Tanks
Concrete septic tanks were built to last, with a typical lifespan of 30 to 40 years. These enormous structures are designed to collect significant volumes of waste. However, their durability becomes compromised by several factors, leading to structural weakening and collapse.
Phil McDaniel, owner of McDaniel Concrete in Winder, GA and trusted regional expert in the industry, states, "There are two types of concrete: concrete that has cracked, and concrete that will crack." Due to the forces of nature at work against these underground vaults, it is essential to schedule a periodic septic tank inspection to avoid catastrophic damages and the risk of physical danger.
Age and Wear
As your home ages, so does your concrete septic tank. Environmental factors like heavy rain or fluctuating temperatures can accelerate the wear and tear process. For example, in areas with seasonal heavy rainfall, the increased pressure can strain tank walls, while in freezing climates, expansion of the contents stored inside it can lead to cracking.
Concrete tanks also undergo chemical wear. Acidity inside a septic tank can break down concrete primarily through a process called microbial-induced concrete corrosion (MIC). Here's how it works:
Anaerobic Decomposition: In a septic tank, organic waste undergoes anaerobic decomposition by bacteria, which produces gases like methane (CH₄) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).
H₂S Gas and Concrete: Hydrogen sulfide gas rises and accumulates above the liquid level in the tank. When exposed to moisture and oxygen, especially at the concrete surface, H₂S is oxidized into hydrosulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria like Thiobacillus.
Acid Reaction with Concrete: Hydrosulfuric acid reacts with the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) in the concrete, which is a key component of the cement matrix.This reaction forms calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) and water. Calcium sulfate, in the presence of water, crystallizes into gypsum, which expands and weakens the concrete.
Advanced Deterioration: As the concrete deteriorates, the acid penetrates deeper, attacking the inner layers of the structure. Over time, this weakens the tank walls and floor, leading to cracks, leaks, and structural collapse.
To investigate these issues, regular inspections are crucial. If your tank is approaching 30 years, consider the potential upgrade to a more modern tank design to maintain safety and eliminate the risks.
Chemical and Biological Factors
The internal environment of your septic tank can significantly impact its functionality. A balanced bacterial ecosystem is necessary for breaking down waste effectively. Unfortunately, everyday chemicals can disrupt this balance. For instance, products like bleach and antibacterial soaps can kill helpful bacteria, making it harder for your tank to break down solids.
Statistics show that using harsh chemicals can increase the need for frequent septic tank pumping. Homeowners should limit these products and focus on biodegradable waste disposal. Switching to eco-friendly cleaning products can be a simple yet effective way to maintain bacterial health in your system.
Root Intrusion
Roots from trees and other vegetation pose a serious threat to septic systems. If you have trees, shrubs, or hedges within 50 to 100 feet of your tank, expect signs of encroachment. Roots will penetrate the septic pipes, the septic tank, and the drain field, leading to backups and surfacing sewage in the grass. In most cases, root invasions can cost thousands of dollars in repairs.
Regular inspections can reveal potential root problems before they cause major issues. If you suspect roots have intruded, a professional assessment will be vital in addressing root-related damages effectively.
Physical Damage
Physical damage can occur from construction activities or heavy machinery operating close to your septic tank. Even parking a heavy vehicle on top of the tank can cause cracks and structural damage. Tree removal can also be destructive depending on the proximity of the tree to the septic tank and also where the tree falls during removal.
To protect your system, ensure that everyone is aware of where the tank is located and avoid heavy loads nearby. Quick intervention is necessary if you suspect any physical damage, as this can save you from bigger problems and avoidable accidents down the line.
Schedule a Septic Tank Inspection Today
Recognizing the elements that can cause your concrete septic tank to fail is essential for maintaining its efficiency. Action steps such as avoiding harsh chemicals, being aware of nearby trees, and ensuring regular maintenance can significantly extend its lifespan.
Don’t wait for an emergency to take action. Schedule regular septic tank inspections to identify problems early, reducing the risk and anxiety associated with major failures.
Stay informed, be proactive, and keep your septic system running smoothly for years to come!
thats a story you dont see on the news everyday lol